We are an "A" School!

Biology: The Study of Life

Mrs. Bond-Jackson

           Classwork                              Homework

Monday, February 6, 2012

Activity 1: Constructing a pH Scale: Acids vs Bases (newspaper cut outs)

Activity 2 : Collages (carbs, proteins, fats)

   

Friday, February 3, 2012

DVD: Chemical Reactions 20 minutes

Notes: ELMO

        Carbon-Based Molecules (carbs, proteins, lipids)

Bring to sale papers (for Lab Activity) to school on Monday from any of the following stores:

         Winn-Dixie, Publix, Walmart, CVS, Walgreens, or any store that sells food items

The papers should contain pictures of items like sugars, butter, oil, chocolate, meat, bread, cereal, pasta, rice, cookies, candy, french fries, lemons, lemon juice, ammonia, bleach, milk, ice cream, soap, dishwashing liquid, laundry detergent, bottled water, sodas, tomatoes (or anything containing tomatoes), drain cleaner, baking soda, rolaids, tums, antacid tablets, or any other meds used for treating indigestion, etc.

Paper does not have to contain all of the items listed above but the more the better!

*single sheets will not be accepted; bring full sale paper from the store!

 DO NOT pull apart papers and give single sheets to others in class!

           

VIS Words:

  • Chapter 2: Section 2.4 AND 2.5 page 50 + 54 Begin with chemical reactions; end with  endothermic...begin with catalyst; end with substrate.  Put on same VIS.

Questions:

  • Reviewing Vocabulary pg. 61 #2-6, Word Origins #7-9, Main Ideas # 13-22, pg. 62 #27- 31.
  • Florida Benchmark Practice pg 63 #1-6
 

Thursday, February 2, 2012

Hand in VIS

Quiz: VIS Terms + Properties of Water

Notes: Properties of Water, Solutions, Solvents and Solutes!

VIS Words: chapter 2: Section 2.3 page 44 Begin with monomer; end with nucleic acid  

Wednesday, February 1, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method (finish test)

How to complete a VIS Chart.

Notes: Properties of Water, Solutions, Solvents and Solutes!

VIS Words: chapter 2: Section 2.2 page 40 Begin with hydrogen bond and end with pH

Study for Quiz on Thursday

 

Tuesday, January 31, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method

           Review

           Test

           Begin Unit 2

   

Monday, January 30, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method Study Sheet 'n Review

Notes: Types of Microscopes

         Online Section Overview (use IFC)

Hand out SI (Metric System) Reference Sheets

      (length, area, volume, mass, tempearture)

        Importance + How to convert

        Demo conversions

Study for Test  

Friday, January 27, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method

Notes: Power Point Notes

 

Due Monday January 30

Answer the following questions:

  • pg 17. Assessment 1.3 #1, 2, 3. Write questions and answers
  • pg 23. Assessment 1.4 #1, 2, 4. Write questions and answers
  • pg 31. Reviewing Main Ideas #14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31.
    • Write answers only
  • Pg 33 #1-6 Florida Benchmark Review
    • Write answers only
 

Thursday, January 26, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method

Demo: How to complete Word Castles.

Analysis Skill 28

Discuss control, constants and variables, etc.

Transparencies: Read, Inquire, Explain!

Lab Demonstrations/Scientific Method Practice

  •      Growing Spheres (groups of 2)
    • Make a prediction.
  •      Miracle Fortune Teller Fish
    • Ask a question
  •      UFO Ball (round robin) 
    • Why this reaction?
  •      Density Bottle
    •  Guess number of substances
  • Analysis skill 26: Making a Line Graph
  • Word Castles : Chapter 1: Section 1.3
    • data
    • hypothesis
    • experiment
    • independent variable
    • dependent variable
    • constant (control)
    • theory
    • observation
 

Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method

Power Point Notes: Steps of Scientific Method

Lab Demonstrations/Scientific Method Practice

Hypothesis Writing:      ("If..then...because")

Outdoor Lab Activity:

Heart Rate (resting vs walking)

Critical Thinking/Problem Solving:

The Path of Circulation in Mammals

  • "Write a Hypothesis to explain..."Content Mastery Chapter 2 Worksheet pg 5 (hairy mice)
  • Analysis skill 24: Making a Bar Graph pg 70
  • Analysis skill 25: Making at Table pg 69
 

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Unit I Scientific Method

Video Clip: Lab Safety 8 minutes

Power Point Notes: Steps of Scientific Method

Peruse Notes  

Monday, January 23, 2012

Introduction to Course

Rules, Syllabus, Lab Safety

End of Course (EOC) Exam April 30th

Demonstration:

Great Balls of Fire!

 

 

Get Lab Safety Contract signed by Parent/Guardian  
**************************** ********************************************************  
Friday, January 20, 2012
Teacher Planning
 

Thursday, January 19, 2012

Wednesday, January 18, 2012

Bring textbook back to school on Exam Day......

If you need it to study for your exams!

Visit Monarch Knights.com for Exam Schedule  

Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Review for Final Examination

Homework

Study for Final Exam

 
Monday, January 16, 2012
Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday
 

Friday, January 13, 2012

Review Ecology Unit 30 minutes

Take Ecology Tests (combined) 60 minutes

Homework

Final Exam Study Sheet

Study for Final Exam

All make-up work is due today No Exceptions!

 

Thursday, January 12, 2012

Ecology Unit

Notes

Homework

Study for Ecology Tests

 

Wednesday, January 11, 2012

Ecology Unit

Notes

Chapter 15 and 16

Homework (due Thursday 01/13

Study Sheet II

Complete VIS Terms (Ecology) Chapter 15 and 16

intertidal ocean zone

bathyal ocean zone

abyssal ocean zone

chemosynthetic bacteria

deep sea ocean vents

climate

weather

desert

tundra

tiagra

tropical rain forest

temperate deciduous forest

grassland

biodiversity

greenhouse effect

Kudzu

biomagnification

renewable resource

nonrenewable resource

indicator species

 

 

 

 

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Ecology Unit

DVD: The Lorax

PowerPoint Notes

Bring textbook back to school today...

If you can access it at home on your computer!

Homework

VIS Terms (Ecology)

Study Sheet I

 

Monday, January 9, 2012

Sub: Ms Ziff will provide time (45 minutes) for active review then administer Human Body Test on Chapters 29, 30.31,34.39

Begin Ecology Unit (see homework)

Chapter 13 and 14

Homework (due Wednesday 01/11)

Complete VIS Terms (Ecology) Chapter 13 and 14

        biogeochemical

hydrologic (water) cycle

carbon cycle

nitrogen cycle

succession

primary succession

secondary succession

pioneer species

natural disaster

abiotic factor

biotic factor

survivorship curve I

survivorship curve II

survivorship curve III

density dependent factor

density-independent factor

emigration

immigration

carrying capacity

population crash

food chain

food web

detritivore

producer

consumer (first order)

consumer (second order)

trophic level

energy pyramid

 

 

Friday, January 6, 2012

Review

Test Chapters 29, 30.31,34.39

Homework

Study for Test on Chapters 29, 30, 31, 34

 

Thursday, January 5, 2012

Chapter Overview and Notes

(Power Point)

Topics:

  • Diseases and Pathogens
  • Communicable vs non-communicable diseases
  • Defenses: specific vs nonspecific
  • Role of vaccines
  • Immunity: active vs passive
  • Leukemia vs HIV (immune system effect)
  • Male vs Female Reproductive System (review VENN)
  • Events of Trimesters and Birth Process

 

Homework

Study for Test on Chapters 29, 30, 31, 34

Review Study Sheet

Complete VIS Terms (Human Body) (due Friday 01/06)

pathogen

lymphocyte

bacteria

virus

parasite

protozoa

fungi

AIDS

Influenza ("the flu")

specific defenses

non-specific defenses

communicable (infectious) disease

non communicable (noninfectious) disease

interferon

antibiotic

vaccine

T cells

B cells

passive immunity

active immunity

leukemia

HIV

fallopian tube

ovary

uterus (womb)

cervix

vas deferens

testes

scrotum

placenta

amniotic sac

blastocyst

zygote

 

 

Wednesday, January 4, 2012

Study Sheet

Chapter Overview and Notes

Topics:

  • Anatomy of Brain and Heart 
  • Function of Blood vessels, valves, arteries, veins and capillaries
  • Factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system (see study sheet for answer; also in textbook)

 

Homework

VENN: male vs female reproductive system (anatomy AND physiology) (due Thursday 01/05)

             Paper was passed out in class: At top of paper, list what they have in common

                                                            On bottom, list how they are different

Complete VIS Terms (Human Body) (due Thursday 01/05)

Suggestion:

You may choose to begin tomorrow night's VIS after you complete the list below....since it is long

cerebrum

cerebellum

spinal cord

atrium (atria)

ventricle

artery

veins

capillaries

pacemaker (SA node)

valve (inside heart and veins)

blood pressure

 

 

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Review

Test Chapter 17

Homework

 

 

Monday, January 2, 2012

Review Classification Study Sheet Survey Chapter 17 (page #'s)

Homework

Study for Test on Chapter 17 Classification

Complete the following questions: due Tuesday 01/03

Pages 521 #1,2;  528 #1; 532 #1; 535 #2, 3; 539 #8-10, 16-17; 540 #21, 23-25; 541 #2, 3.

 
 
 
Happy New Year!
 

Friday, December 16, 2011

Chapter Overview and Notes (Power Point)

Chapter 17 Classification

Homework

No Homework

 

Thursday, December 15, 2011

Begin Next Unit

Chapter Overview and Notes (Power Point)

Chapter 17 Classification

Homework

Study Chapter 17

 

Wednesday, December 14, 2011

Review for Test (Group Study)

Test Chapter 12

Homework

VIS Terms see page 539

  Complete 17.1, 17.2, 17.4. due Friday 12/16  (You may still hand these in until Jan 4)

 

Tuesday, December 13, 2011

Unit 10 (Chapter 12)

Chapter Overview and Notes

Block 3 Worksheet 17B

Block 2 (FAIR Testing)

Homework

Study for Test on Chapter 11 and 12

 

Monday, December 12, 2011

See Sub Plans

Worksheet 17A

   

Friday, December 9, 2011

See Sub Plans

Worksheet 16A and B

   

Thursday, December 8, 2011

Unit 10 (Chapter 12)

Chapter Overview and Notes

   

Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Unit 10 (Chapter 11)

Chapter Overview and Notes

Homework

Complete Concept Maps for Chapter 11 (Section 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6)

Use chapter link below:

http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_12_fl/resources/htmls/interactive_review/bio_intrev.html

 

 

Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Unit 10 (Chapter 11)

Chapter Overview and Notes

Homework

VIS Terms 17 terms (11.1-11.5) (due Wednesday 12/07)

Chapter 11 (due Thursday 12/08)

Complete the following questions:

1 and 2 pg. 329

2 and 4 pg. 333

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 pg 338

1,2,3 pg 343

2,4 pg 346

Memorize the 5 factors that can lead to evolution. pg 343.

 

Monday, December 5, 2011

Review Homework (page 325; 1-6)

Review Unit 9/Chapter 10 Study Sheet for Test (attached)

Test

Unit 10 (Chapter 11)

Chapter Overview and Notes

Homework

VIS Terms 17 terms (11.1-11.5) (due Wednesday 12/07)

FCAT Reading Assignment:

"Invading the Land"

 

Friday, December 2, 2011

Review

Online Group Activity

Homework

Test Study Sheet (click on link)

Study for Test on Monday (Chapter 10)

Complete "Florida Benchmark Review" pg 325; #1-6.

 

Thursday, December 1, 2011

Unit 9 (Chapter 10) Evolution/Natural Selection

Block 3 Biology BAT Test during class

Homework

Study

 

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Unit 9 (Chapter 10) Evolution/Natural Selection

Block 2 BAT Test today

Homework

VIS Terms 10.3-10.5 (10 Terms) (due Thursday 12/01)

Test B worksheet; due Thursday 12/01

 

Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Unit 9 (Chapter 10) Evolution/Natural Selection

Block 2 will be testing; Block 3 has regular class

Homework

FCAT Reading Assignment (due Wednesday 11/30)

"Exploration and Evolution:The Voyage of the Beagle"

Test A worksheet; due Wednesday

 

Monday, November 28, 2011

Homework

VIS Terms 10.1-10.2 (8 Terms) (due Tuesday 11/29)

 

Thanksgiving Break

Monday, November 21- Friday, November 25

 

 

Friday, November 18, 2011

Unit 9 (Chapter 10) Evolution/Natural Selection"

Homework

No homework during Thanksgiving Break!

 

Thursday, November 17, 2011

Unit 8 DNA

Hand in "Test B"

Review Chapter 8

"Common" Test

Unit 9 (Chapter 10) Evolution/Natural Selection

Introduction

Homework

 

Wednesday, November 16, 2011

Unit 8 DNA

Hand in "Test A"

Online Interactive Activities

      Teacher-led group work

       1) Overview 2) 7 quizzes* 3) crossword

       *group points; crossword bonus points

Homework

Test B (worksheet)

Study for test ("common")

 

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

Power Point Notes: The Central Dogma

Homework

Test A (worksheet)

 

Monday, November 14, 2011

Unit 8 DNA

Power Point Notes: Revisit Replication

                            Transcribe vs Translate

                            (shorthand analogy)

       

Homework

1) Memorize difference between RNA and DNA: use lab sheet checklist as a guide + class notes

2) Complete questions on page 238 #1-4

 Write questions AND the answers

 

Friday, November 11, 2011

Veteran's Day

No School  

Thursday, November 10, 2011

Unit 8 DNA

Notes + Discussion

Watson 'n Crick vs Franklin

Homework

No Homework!

 

Wednesday, November 9, 2011

Unit 8 DNA

DVD: "Clone"

VENN: DNA vs RNA structure

Homework

No Homework!

Complete Rosalind Franklin (if it was not handed in today)

 

Tuesday, November 8, 2011

Unit 8 DNA

Hand in VIS words

DVD: Human Genome (20 min)

Power Point Notes:  

     Topics:

       The Structure of DNA

Homework (due Wednesday, 11/09)

Reading Assignment:

FCAT: Rosalind Franklin

(Packet was given out in class today; read and underline before answering questions)

Elaborate!  Fill up all the lines!

 

Monday, November 7, 2011

Unit 7 Heredity

Review (if necessary)

Test

Make up tests (common exams, semester exams, etc.)  

Unit 8 DNA

Begin VIS work (see homework assignment)

Homework (due Tuesday, 11/08)

VIS Chart II: Chapter 8

  1. Deoxyribonucleic acid
  2. protein synthesis
  3. enzyme
  4. nucleotide
  5. double helix
  6. base pairing rules
  7. replication
  8. DNA polymerase
  9. RNA
  10. transcription
  11. RNA polymerase     
  12. messenger RNA
  13. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  14. translation
  15. codon
  16. stop codon
  17. start codon
  18. peptide bond
  19. mutation
  20. mutagen
 

Friday, November 4, 2011

Unit 7 Heredity

Classwork

Test (postponed until Monday)

Power Point Notes:  

     Topics:

       Solving monohybrid genetics problems

Homework

   Study for Test

 

Thursday, November 3, 2011

Unit 7 Heredity

Classwork

DVD: Bill Nye

        "Human Adaptations" 20min

Power Point Notes:  

     Topics:

       solving monohybrid genetics problems

Homework

    Study for Test

 

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

Unit 7 Heredity

Classwork

Power Point Notes:  

     Topics:

        polygenic inheritance

        sex-linked traits

        codominance

        multiple alleles

        karyotyping

Homework

   Test A Worksheet

 

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

Unit 7 Heredity

Classwork

Review yesterday's lesson

  

Power Point Notes:  

     Topics:

       Pedigree (Revisit "MYO")

       Discuss:

The Royal Family       (hemophilia)

    

Power Point Notes:

  • Pedigrees
  • karyotypes

Homework

    Test B Worksheet

 

Monday, October 31, 2011

Unit 7 Heredity

Classwork

Review Medelian Genetics

       (Punnett square)

Power Point Notes:

     Mendelian Genetics pg.200+  

     Topics:

  •        Sex-linked traits
  •        Incomplete dominance
  •        Codominance
  •        Polygenic inheritance
  •        Pedigrees (how to read)

                 Block 1: "Make your own"

Homework (due Tuesday, 11/01)

 

VIS Chart I:

  1. carrier
  2. sex-linked gene
  3. dominant
  4. recessive
  5. phenotype
  6. allele
  7. gene
  8. autosome
  9. sex chromosome
  10. trait
  11. incomplete     dominance
  12. codominance
  13. polygenic trait
  14. genotype
  15. pedigree
  16. karyotype
 

Friday, October 28, 2011

Teacher Planning

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday and Thursday October 26-27, 2011

Mid-Semester Exams   Schedule is attached here

Exam Review is attached here This is a topic list. Review all notes, VIS work, and chapters.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Class work:

Notes: Mendelian Genetics 

Unit 1-6

Concepts Review     

Homework:

Study

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Monday, October 24, 2011

Today is the DEADLINE for all make up VIS work.

Class work:

Unit 6

Notes: Mendelian Genetics    

Homework:

Study

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Friday, October 21, 2011

Class work:

Unit 6

Notes: Mendelian Genetics

Unit 6

DVD: Meiosis 20 minutes/Video Quiz

    

Homework:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Click here for a VIS Sheet.

If you can't print one (ink is expensive), feel free to create one using a ruler and a pen! Make it neat!

Thursday, October 20, 2011

Class work:

Unit 6

Hand in Gregor Mendel reading work at the beginning of class.

DVD: Meiosis 20 minutes/Video Quiz (complete on Friday with block 3)

Pinnacle Check: Grade conferences.

Notes: Mendelian Genetics page 177-188

Block 3 only: Test "common"  

Homework:

1) Complete "Test A"....that was given out in class today. This is a worksheet; not a test!

IMPORTANT: Write the page number indicating where you found the answer beside the question on the worksheet.

Complete #1-20 ONLY.....omit #21-35.

2) Study Chapter 6

Read pg 177-188

3) Check Pinnacle and email me with any grade concerns that you have....Do not delay.

All grade issues MUST be resolved no later than end of class on Monday, October 24.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Class work:

Review Concepts

Unit 5 Test Mitosis

Unit 6

Introduction to Mendelian Genetics

Homework:

Read the article aloud.

     Who was Gregor Mendel? Answer the multiple choice AND short answer questions.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tuesday, October 18, 2011

Class work:

Unit 6

Introduction to Meiosis: How the body makes gametes: sperm and egg cells.

         spermatogenesis ("sperm beginning" and oogenesis (egg beginning")

  •  autosomes vs sex chromosomes
  •  haploid vs diploid
  •  genetic diversity

 

Lab Activity: Using Microviewers Sketch 'n Label  

         Plant Mitosis vs Animal Mitosis

Block 2 class meets in room 533...our "home away from home" today..

.

Homework:

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Monday, October 17, 2011

Class work:

Unit 5

Revisit: The Cell Cycle and Cancer ("cells gone wild")

Discuss Mutations

DVD: 20 minutes

Notes: Cyclin Regulation (Elmo)

           Stages (Power Point Slides 1-4)

Homework:

Complete the worksheet "Mitosis verses Meiosis"; questions #16-27.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Friday, October 14, 2011

Class work:

Unit 5

Notes: The Cell Cycle and Cancer (role of cyclin + cancer)

Lab: Microscope Slides

Quiz: The Cell Cycle and steps of mitosis (PMAT)

         How should you prepare for the quiz?

                Draw the "pie model" and label it then write the steps of mitosis in order (PMAT)

.

Homework:

*1) Complete the worksheet "Mitosis verses Meiosis"

Complete questions #1-15 ONLY; omit 16-27.

   Remember the sketches (#6, 8, 10, 12, 15) were completed in class already; answer only the questions.

*2) Cell Sketch Sheet 

Label Interphase and write what happens in G1, S and G2. Then write what happens

in each Phase of Mitosis on the lines besides the diagram.

3) Review the role (job) of Cyclin and how it relates to cancer.

.

4) VIS:

    •    crossing over
    •    haploid
    •    diploid
    •    genetic recombination
    •    independent assortment
    •    meiosis
    •    gamete
    •    sperm
    •    egg
    •    phenotype
    •    genotype
    •    heredity
    •    heterozygous
    •    homozygous
    •    Punnett square
    •    cytokinesis
    •    prophase
    •    metaphase
    •    anaphase
    •    telophase
    •    cyclin

    *Papers for #1 and 2 were given out in class. If you were absent, get these on Monday.

    VIS words are posted and should be completed by EVERYONE.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thursday, October 13, 2011

Class work:

Unit 5

Notes: The Cell Cycle

           Sketch n Label Cell Cycle (use compass) and Mitosis (bullet events)

.

Homework:

  • Study the Cell Cycle
  • VIS Terms: page 159 due Monday, October 17
    • Section 5.1- 5.5  Omit histone.
  • Study Mitosis

       know terminology

      •    mito = thread
      •    inter = between
      •    pro = before
      •    meta = middle
      •    ana = up; apart
      •    telo = far
      •    cyto = cell
      •    kinesio = movement

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday, October 12, 201

Testing Today

Morning classes do not meet due to testing; Locate name on list downstairs!

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Unit 4

Class work:

Reteaching

.

Homework: due Thursday, October 13

VIS terms on page 129

Omit the following terms:

chemosynthesis, photosystem, electron transport chain.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Monday, October 10, 2011

Unit 4

Class work:

Test

DVD Presentation 20 minutes

.

Homework: due Thursday, October 13

VIS terms on page 129

Omit the following terms:

chemosynthesis, photosystem, electron transport chain.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Friday, October 7, 2011

Unit 4

Class work:

Notes: Photosynthesis and Respiration

           Leaf structure, flower parts, equations, etc.

           Meet Mr Biv.... Roy G. is the first name!  (Block 3 Monday)

.

Homework: Study for test (on Monday) on photosynthesis and chloroplasts

                  Know leaf anatomy and BOTH equations!

.

Memorize equation for photosynthesis: see notes AND page 105 in your book

Memorize equation for cell respiration: see notes AND page 115 in your book

Notice the reciprocal nature of these equations (equations are reversed)

.

Think! Why are these processes interdependent?

.

Study chart on page 121 Figure 4.17  Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thursday, October 6, 2011

Unit 4

Class work:

See sub plans: Worksheets on Photosynthesis and Respiration

.

Homework: Sub will assign handout page 306 for homework.

.

Watch the video; sing the song:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1_uez5WX1o&feature=related

.

Cellular Respiration

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkRcdfmHqqI&feature=related

.

Photosynthesis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14

.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday, October 5, 2011

Unit 4

(SC912L14.7)

Notes: Plant Structure: Roots, Stems and Leaves.

           (include names of plant structures + adaptations..location of stomata, leaf colors, leaf size, ...etc.)

           Power Point Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

.

Homework: Study Plant Structure: Roots, Stems and Leaves. (Quiz Friday)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________